RESOURCES · BATTERY AND CRITICAL MINERALS · CRITICAL MINERAL

Rare earths: producers, reserves and mines

Who produces rare earths, how concentrated supply is, where it is mined, and how its price has moved. Production is t REO equivalent.

World production
380,000
t REO equivalent, latest USGS table
Top 3 share
91%
of world mine production
World reserves
Not shown
table could not be matched
Mapped mines
283
33 countries

Production and reserves by country

#CountryProduction (t REO equivalent)Share of worldReserves shareMapped sites
1China270,00071.1%No data15
2United States of America45,50012.0%No data107
3Australia29,0007.6%No data52
4Myanmar27,0007.1%No data0
5India2,9000.8%No data11
6Russia2,6000.7%No data5
7Thailand2,1000.6%No data0
8Nigeria1,5000.4%No data0
9Madagascar1,4000.4%No data2
10Brazil5600.1%No data28
11Vietnam3000.1%No data1
12Malaysia1400.0%No data2
13Canada00.0%No data10
14Greenland00.0%No data0
15South Africa00.0%No data8
16Tanzania00.0%No data0

Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries, MCS 2026 (Public domain (US Government work)). "No data" means the figure is withheld or not reported. Reserve figures not shown: the published table could not be matched reliably. Countries not listed produce small amounts or are not reported.

Mine and deposit locations combine the USGS Mineral Resources Data System (public domain, last updated 2022, strongest for the United States and the Americas) and Wikidata (CC0, notable named mines). Coverage is uneven and partly historical, and status can be out of date: this is not a complete or current registry, and a point on the map is not an offer, a licence or evidence of a legal right. Production and reserve figures are from the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries and are rounded estimates. Power plants are from the WRI Global Power Plant Database (CC BY 4.0), mostly 2018 to 2021. Nothing here is investment, legal or technical advice.