Kosovo's economy in numbers: output, prices and reserves

Scale and income

The World Bank series in the Invest Global dataset puts Kosovo's gross domestic product at $12.5 billion for 2025, shared among 1.6 million people. Gross domestic product per person is $7,899.

Growth and prices

Real GDP growth was 3.6% in 2025, and consumer price inflation was 3.9%. The World Bank defines the inflation series this way: "Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly."

External balances

The current account balance is -8.1% of GDP for 2025. Net foreign direct investment inflows were 10.0% of GDP for the same period. The inflow figure is larger than the current account deficit, which is a comparison of two numbers and not a statement about how the deficit was financed. Both series are expressed as a percentage of GDP.

Reserves

Total reserves are $1.5 billion, equal to 1.8 months of imports in 2025. The dataset used for this article holds no external debt series for Kosovo, so the article makes no statement on it.

What the exposure model shows

Scores come from the Invest Global exposure model, which publishes its method. The method summary reads: "Each score is a weighted average of percentile ranks. For every indicator, a country's latest observation (not older than 2014) is ranked against all other countries with data (mid-rank percentile, 0 to 1). Where a lower raw value signals more headroom (for example electricity access), the rank is inverted. The weighted average of the available percentiles is scaled to 0 to 100. A cell is published only if indicators holding at least 60 percent of the weight are available; otherwise the country is omitted for that sector." On interpretation, the model states: "The score describes how large and relevant a sector is in a country's economy and opportunity set, relative to other countries. It is not a measure of attractiveness, return or risk, and it is not investment advice."

For Kosovo the scores for the sectors shown here are industrials at 58 out of 100, renewables at 51 out of 100, financials at 51 out of 100 and consumer at 50 out of 100. The model's stated reasons follow.

• Industrials: Manufacturing is 12.5% of GDP; industry is 25.0% of GDP (2025).
• Renewables: Power sector carbon intensity is 903 gCO2 per kWh; wind and solar supply 6.8% of electricity (2025).
• Financials: Private sector credit is 65.6% of GDP; 64.2% of adults hold a financial account (2024, 2025).
• Consumer: Household consumption is 82.3% of GDP; household consumption is $5,125 per person (2025).

These are the Invest Global sector definitions. Industrials: Capital goods, machinery, building materials, chemicals, automotive and light manufacturing, together with the engineering and contracting firms that serve them. Renewables: Power generation from wind, solar, hydro and other low-carbon sources, plus regulated and merchant electricity transmission, distribution and retail. Financials: Banks, insurers, asset managers, payment providers and digital financial services, including mobile money and lending platforms. Consumer: Staples, discretionary goods, retail, food and beverage, leisure and consumer services sold to households.

The mining sector also carries a score in the dataset, and the mining sector page lists it with the method.

How to use the snapshot

Each number in this article is a dated fact with its source in the list at the end. For the full indicator list and the data behind the scores, open the Kosovo country profile. The industrials sector page explains the formula behind the industrial score.

When you compare Kosovo with another economy, compare figures from the same period, and check the period shown beside each figure. This article lists reserves for 2025, and the other series carry their own periods in the sources.