Agriculture and Food

Editorial summary. Qualitative drivers are general industry context written by Invest Global, last reviewed 2026-10-08. They are not forecasts. Figures elsewhere on this page are sourced and dated.

• Climate and weather shocks
• Export bans and price controls during shortages
• Land tenure uncertainty
• Smallholder fragmentation and thin infrastructure
• Disease and pest outbreaks

Investing in frontier and emerging markets carries significant risk, including total loss. This list is illustrative and not exhaustive.

1. Inputs: seed, fertiliser, crop protection
2. Primary production
3. Storage, trading and logistics
4. Processing and packaging
5. Distribution and retail

Ranked by exposure score, a weighted percentile of sourced indicators. Select Sources on any row to see each input, its period, source and as-of date.

Top countries by Agriculture and Food exposure score

#	Country	Score	Band	Why
01	Syria	91	High	Agriculture is 42.9% of GDP; 24.0% of land is arable (2022, 2024). Sources
02	Guinea-Bissau	90	High	Agriculture is 40.6% of GDP; food is 68.5% of merchandise exports (2018, 2025). Sources
03	Gambia	87	High	Agriculture is 23.8% of GDP; food is 90.7% of merchandise exports (2024, 2025). Sources
04	Malawi	87	High	Agriculture is 30.0% of GDP; food is 93.3% of merchandise exports (2025). Sources Economy-wide FDI restrictiveness (OECD, 0 open to 1 closed): 0.35
05	Afghanistan	86	High	Agriculture is 34.3% of GDP; food is 63.9% of merchandise exports (2019, 2024). Sources
06	Ethiopia	86	High	Agriculture is 32.8% of GDP; food is 80.4% of merchandise exports (2023, 2025). Sources
07	Sierra Leone	86	High	Agriculture is 29.5% of GDP; food is 45.6% of merchandise exports (2018, 2025). Sources
08	Benin	85	High	Agriculture is 22.9% of GDP; food is 39.7% of merchandise exports (2024, 2025). Sources
09	Sudan	85	High	Agriculture is 29.4% of GDP; food is 50.6% of merchandise exports (2018, 2025). Sources
10	Burundi	83	High	Agriculture is 34.3% of GDP; food is 46.0% of merchandise exports (2023, 2025). Sources Economy-wide FDI restrictiveness (OECD, 0 open to 1 closed): 0.20
11	Togo	82	High	Agriculture is 20.3% of GDP; food is 34.4% of merchandise exports (2025). Sources
12	Chad	81	High	Agriculture is 36.3% of GDP; cereal yield is 827 kg per hectare (2024, 2025). Sources

Exposure scores describe how large and relevant a sector is in a country's economy and opportunity set relative to other countries. They are not a measure of attractiveness, expected return or risk. Educational content only, not investment advice.

Exposure scores show relative weight. This ranking shows absolute size on one sourced measure: agriculture value added. World Bank agriculture, forestry and fishing share of GDP times GDP of the same year.

Largest countries by Agriculture value added

#	Country	Agriculture value added	Period
01	China	$1.30 trillion	2025
02	India	$642 billion	2025
03	United States of America	$224 billion	2021
04	Indonesia	$189 billion	2025
05	Brazil	$139 billion	2025
06	Pakistan	$93.8 billion	2025
07	Turkey	$83.2 billion	2025
08	Russia	$78.3 billion	2025
09	Mexico	$71.2 billion	2025
10	Nigeria	$66.8 billion	2025
11	Egypt	$60.5 billion	2025
12	Vietnam	$59.9 billion	2025

Derived from the cited sources as described above. A larger economy ranks higher on absolute measures even when the sector is a smaller share of its output.

Largest listed companies tagged to this sector in the Invest Global capital markets dataset, ranked by market capitalisation in US dollars. Coverage is the markets in that dataset, so it is not a global census.

Largest listed companies in Agriculture and Food

#	Company	Country	Market cap	Basis
01	Nestlé NESN	Switzerland	$239 billion	Invest Global sector tag
02	Jerónimo Martins JMT	Portugal	$12.7 billion	Invest Global sector tag
03	Lotus Bakeries LOTB	Belgium	$11.5 billion	Invest Global sector tag
04	BUA Foods PLC BUAFOODS	Nigeria	$10.3 billion	Industry: Sugar And Confectionery Products
05	Fonterra FCG	New Zealand	$6.8 billion	Invest Global sector tag
06	Oman India Fertiliser Company SAOG OMIF	Oman	$4.0 billion	Invest Global sector tag
07	Fauji Fertilizer Company FFC	Pakistan	$2.8 billion	Invest Global sector tag
08	Misr Fertilizer Production Company MFPC	Egypt	$2.6 billion	Industry: Agricultural Chemicals
09	Poulina Group Holding S.A. PGH	Tunisia	$1.6 billion	Industry: Poultry Slaughtering and Processing
10	Illovo Sugar (Malawi) plc ILLOVO	Malawi	$1.4 billion	Industry: Sugar And Confectionery Products
11	Brim hf. BRIM	Iceland	$1.4 billion	Invest Global sector tag
12	Zambia Sugar Plc ZSUG	Zambia	$1.1 billion	Industry: Sugar And Confectionery Products
13	Délice Holding SA DH	Tunisia	$714 million	Industry: Dairy Products
14	AB Akola Group AKO1L	Lithuania	$331 million	Industry: Agricultural Production Crops
15	Zambia Forestry and Forest Industries Corporation Plc ZFCO	Zambia	$174 million	Industry: Forestry

Not recommendations. A list of the largest companies is not a list of suggested investments. Sector tags marked Invest Global are an editorial classification of each company's main business. Market capitalisation is a snapshot, not a live quote.

Regulatory summaries are general and change often. Confirm current rules with local counsel. Not legal advice.

• Listed agribusiness and food processors
• Agriculture sector funds
• Agri-commodity exposure through regulated products
• Private agribusiness and farmland funds for qualified investors

• MOO
  VanEck Agribusiness ETF
  VanEck ETF Trust
• VEGI
  iShares MSCI Agriculture Producers ETF
  iShares, Inc.

Examples, not recommendations. Each fund is confirmed in the SEC series and class file. These are US-listed funds whose holdings are mostly developed-market issuers; check each prospectus for current holdings, fees and domicile. No prices, yields or fees are shown because none are verified here.

Charts show historical data from the cited sources. Past levels do not indicate future results. Commodity series are World Bank nominal US dollar monthly benchmarks.

Each score is a weighted average of percentile ranks. For every indicator, a country's latest observation (not older than 2014) is ranked against all other countries with data (mid-rank percentile, 0 to 1). Where a lower raw value signals more headroom (for example electricity access), the rank is inverted. The weighted average of the available percentiles is scaled to 0 to 100. A cell is published only if indicators holding at least 60 percent of the weight are available; otherwise the country is omitted for that sector.

The score describes how large and relevant a sector is in a country's economy and opportunity set, relative to other countries. It is not a measure of attractiveness, return or risk, and it is not investment advice.

• World Bank, World Development Indicators CC BY 4.0
• U.S. SEC, Investment Company Series and Class Information U.S. Government work, public domain
• companiesmarketcap.com (via the Invest Global capital markets dataset) Third-party data carried over from the existing Invest Global capital markets dataset; reuse licence to be confirmed
• stockanalysis.com exchange listings, converted to USD at floatrates.com rates (via the Invest Global capital markets dataset) Third-party data carried over from the existing Invest Global capital markets dataset; reuse licence to be confirmed
• OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index CC BY 4.0 (OECD content published from 1 July 2024)
• World Bank, Commodity Price Data (The Pink Sheet) CC BY 4.0

Data version 2026-10-09. Every datapoint carries its source and as-of date; hover or tap a dotted value to see them.